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SOK the largest network of modern leased smart offices in Russia.SOK plans to deploy its infrastructure in European countries by 2022. The total area will be over 100,000 sq. m
“Together With Tion, we managed to develop outstanding solutions to create a comfortable air environment in SOK City.We are confident that this will bring tangible benefits to our residents and will become the key factor for a long-term cooperation.”
Managing partner of SOK -Alayarov Irec Ilyev
Just recently in 2019 Tion had to chance to equip and create a truly modern office face 0f 6500 m2 located in Moscow City Towers ,in Moscow that meets the challenges of the modern times,as dangerous airborne infections and air quality play a crucial role in working environment and our daily lives.With the recent outbreak of COVID-19 it is important to create new modern offices that tackle the rise in air pollution as well as outbreaks.The goal with SOAK was to create such a modern office space that can work 24/7 and provide healthy working environments that can provide live data that is monitored.
•Healthimpact
•Accordingto WHO, indoor air pollution is the major risk factor for human health
•Guidelines Of WHO on indoor air quality :
1.European Standards EN 13779 and EN 15251
2.GOST30494-2013 Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters
3.GOST56502-2015 Microclimate systems for new buildings.
•PM2.5/ PM10 particles increase the risk of strokes, respiratory diseases, lung cancer
•Somemolecular contaminants typical for indoor areas increase the risk of allergicreactions and cancer
•https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/introduction-indoor-air-quality
•The risk of infection is significantly higher in cool and dry rooms
•Productivityimpact,employees canbe 60% more productive at work with comfortable air conditions
•The Quality of concentration required tasks increases as CO₂ levels decreases
•Optimal Temperature and humidity parameters drop down sick-leave costs
1.To Create safe clean air ,comfortable,infection free working environments for employees.
2.To Cut down on loss in company revenues resulted from sick day leaves.
3.To Boost focus and performance of employees by cutting down on CO2 build ups.
With the right approach, while increasing infectious safety, the problem of "suffocation" and"air quality" is systemic, and as a result we can improve the health and performance of pupils.
Information about the state of their environment can be made available in real time. And high air quality and safety can become an element of the new vector of development of office equipped to meet the task at hand.
To solve the voiced problem, it is necessary to equip offices and institutions with Tion equipment that can provide the needed results.
An air purification system that can control different systems capable of measuring temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentrations (CO2) and PM2.5 particles, PM10
Compact air handling units with the function of deep cleaning of the supply air. Stand-alone air purifiers-disinfectants that can cope not only with the main pollutants, but also with infectious agents, including COVID-19
•Provide convenient and safe condition for people
•Meet "green standards"(such as LEED etc) -••Use data on air quality in internal and external communications.
•Minimize energy consumption of HVAC systems
Provide centralized microclimate control and infection air security of premises
Monitoring stations with
T, H, CO2, PM2.5, PM10
User interfaces available to the administration of offices, institutions and the administration of the relevant departments of the city.
•MAP extends the ability beyond simple HVAC control and brings the ability to visualize the air quality
•An Important element of PR and marketing for the public facilities (buildings) isaccessible information about quality and security of the environmental conditions
-Basic elements of MA.P system
-24/7 - Server SW, providing 24/7 system functionality
-HW interfaces connect s HVAC system and additional sensors-User dashboards-Interactive screens representing the AQI-data to users
-We are ready to work our any kinds of requests of potential customers and consider different types of cooperation and integration
-Install MagicAir.PRO stations with T, H,CO₂, PM sensors (and with other sensors on-demand) at your sites.-Connect them to our server.
-Create a map of thesiteandplacethe sensors on it .
-Register your ID and give access to login (where the data and analytics are stored).
-Ifneeded, install interactive screens to provide the visualisation for users and visitors
Duct Air Cleaner and Decontaminator Тion Eco
Тion Eco is a bactericidal device with integrated air purification, intended for supply ventilation systems in buildings of any purpose.It combines a bactericidal device and a duct filter with air filtration and gas purification functions.The air passing through the Tion Eco is exposed to bactericidal effect and filtered so that all contaminants (particles of any sizes, mold, bacteria and viruses, allergens, exhaust gases, and odors) are removed.The device is intended for dedusting and air purification from harmful substances. It is also used as a bactericidal filter for a recirculation branch to organize ventilation in halls, archives, museums, any residential and public buildings, and any industries.
Compact fresh air ventilation with deepair cleaning function Tion Breezer 3S
Installed on a wall adjacent to the street.It takes air from the street, filters and warms it up, delivers purified air into the room. As a result Tion Breezer 3S, it reduces the CO2 level to a comfortable one and displaces the indoor pollution and infected air, reducing the risks of infection by airborne droplets.
Standalone air purifier and disinfectant Tion Clever
Wall-mounted Tion Clever Cleans and disinfects air in recirculation mode.As a result, it reduces the level of pollution and eliminates all possible pathogens from the air, reducing the risks of infection by airborne droplets.Recommended by FGUN SSC "Vector" of Rospotrebnadzor to prevent the spread of COVID-19One of the models is registered in the register of medical equipment of the Russian Federation.
Club house with a collection of 43 apartments ,just one minute walk from the Tretyakov Gallery.Solid exterior is combined with rich content: behind the natural stone of historical facades of the beginning of the 20th century, advanced technologies, modern engineering systems and actual design solutions are hidden.
BARKLI CORPORATION:Barkli Corporation, owned and managed by Leonid Kazinets, is one of the oldest full-cycle development companies in Russia. The corporation, founded in 1993, built, reconstructed and commissioned more than 300 real estate objects for various purposes: multi-apartment residential complexes, business centers, administrative buildings, sports facilities.
barkligallery.ru
Our houses laid the foundation of the most expensive and prestigious district of Moscow - the Golden Mile. Within the framework of Barkli's cooperation with the best architects and designers in the world (Philippe Starck, Kelly Hoppen, Robert Stern, Arjen de Grot), the notion of "personal development" originated in Russia.
MAIN FIGURES:
7 floors
39 apartments
4 penthouses
74 parking places
42 storage spaces
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY:
Systems condition data display on the desk or on the owner’s smartphone
Remote control of temperature conditions
Control of lighting intensity and blinds position
Water leaking monitoring and control
Broadband telecommunications
The centralized fire alarm
Management of all equipment through the "Multi Room" system
The centralized conditioning (VRV, VRF)Equipped with Tion Eco systems
Chekhov's house is like a work of art - a third of the house's facades are decorated with architectural bronze. Valuable elements of the building - slats, shutters and windows - were made and patinated by hand at the Italian Secco factory, and then carefully delivered to Moscow. The Hermitage Garden in many ways sets the tone for the Chekhov project, the doors and windows of the house literally open into the park.
All apartments in the house are with high quality finishes, equipped kitchens and bathrooms. The aesthetically verified interior solutions are filled with innovative technologies. The Tion system removes allergens, dust and tiny particles 350 times smaller than a human hair from the air in your home.
VESPER SPECIALIZES IN THE DE LUXE CLASS RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE SEGMENT; THE COMPANY'S PORTFOLIO INCLUDES 15 PROPERTIES IN MOSCOW AND EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.
www.vespermoscow.com
The address - st. Malaya Dmitrovka, 18 B
Readiness- 2016
Number of apartments- 6
Apartment area- 133-283 sq. m
Website- domchekhov.ru
Chekhov's house is like a work of art - a third of the house's facades are decorated with architectural bronze. Valuable elements of the building - slats, shutters and windows - were made and patinated by hand at the Italian Secco factory, and then carefully delivered to Moscow. The Hermitage Garden in many ways sets the tone for the Chekhov project, the doors and windows of the house literally open into the park.
The house is located in the very heart of the cultural life of the capital and at the same time is surprisingly hidden from the bustle of the city by the greenery of the garden.Chekhov surprises even the most sophisticated art connoisseur.
The project combines the aesthetics of minimalism with the thoughtfulness of every detail, where special attention was paid to materials and their texture.The bronze facades were not chosen by chance - the architects tried to make the house an extension of the garden. The natural noble material is best suited for this, and the reflections of the smooth surface add lightness to the entire building. House Chekhov embodies all international standards for de luxe real estate.
CHEKHOV IS DIFFERENT IN GENUINE CHAMBER - IN THE HOUSE ONLY 6 APARTMENTS, MADE WITH FINISHES FROM NOBLE NATURAL MATERIALS.
All apartments in the house are with high quality finishes, equipped kitchens and bathrooms. The aesthetically verified interior solutions are filled with innovative technologies. The Tion system removes allergens, dust and tiny particles 350 times smaller than a human hair from the air in your home.
Vesper Homes are more than real estate. It is synonymous with uniqueness, quality and genuine luxury that are redefining the aesthetics of metropolitan life and setting new standards. Actual architectural projects, the latest technologies and the best world practices are applied in every Vesper house.Masterfully designed spaces made from natural materials are created for a completely new way of life. Perfectionism in details, aesthetics of solutions, high quality standards and handicraft make Vesper houses real works of art.Vesper's dedication to history is embodied in renovation projects for historic buildings and cultural heritage sites that take on a new lease of life, where technology dominates.In an effort to create the best projects on the real estate market, Vesper attracts international teams of experts, including: architectural bureaus John McAslan & Partners, Rockwell Group, Aukett Swanke, Architects of Invention, Massimo Iosa Ghini, Jean-Louis Deniot, Tsimailo Lyashenko & Partners, SPEECH and Meganom. Recognized world experts perform every element of the project with pinpoint precision.
Vesper's shareholders and founders are Denis Kitaev and Boris Azarenko
Live link to air quality status : https://chekhov.cityair.ru/
"The atmospheric air in Moscow is very polluted ,We have installed a comprehensive Tion air purification system to ensure you breathe clean air"
Millhouse Capital UK Ltd (Moscow) Primarily the MILLHOUSE CAPITAL GROUP acquires, develops and operates industrial properties and stakes in select major markets worldwide. The company's experienced a disciplined investment approach in selectively identifying opportunities to achieve outstanding risk adjusted returns.
Finance guys think of their comfort and invest into healthier environment!
Investment Company Millhouse requested TION to solve a very specific problem: bad odor.The company building is in the downtown of Moscow, in front of the Kremlin. There are many restaurants and cafes in the area, and heavy car traffic added the smell of exhaust gases through the supply ventilation. In addition, there is a cafe for employees in the building, which was also a source of odors.After series of consultations, two technical solutions were installed: a complex supply air purification system TION ECO with a capacity of 27,500 m3, which was installed in the garage block in the basement of the building, and a cleaning system TION EXT to filter the exhausted air from the kitchen hoods.
As result, the problem was completely resolved.The story continued. Subsequently, in the open-space of the IT department, where the number of workplaces was greater than it was initially planned, TION Breezers were installed - compact supply units with air purification and Clever – air purifiers with decontamination, which made it possible to provide clean air for every employee without reconstructing the ventilation system.
The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, also known as the Vector Institute (Russian: Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии „Вектор“), is a biological research center in Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. It has research facilities and capabilities for all levels of Biological Hazard, CDC Levels 1–4. It is one of two official repositories for the now-eradicated smallpox virus, and was part of the system of laboratories known as the Biopreparat.
The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR buys and certifies, Tion Clever as the device that is used to fight Covid-19!
The State Scientific Center for Virology and Biotechnology "Vector" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare is one of the largest scientific virological and biotechnological centers in Russia.The mission of the Center is scientific and practical support for countering global infectious threats.In June 2020, “Vektor” has decided to purchase 21 devices of Tion Clever air disinfection and sets of filters for them to install in the office premises for air purification and disinfection in order to prevent and combat infectious and respiratory diseases .Next month, in July, "Vector" additionally bought 4 disinfectants-air purifiers "Tion Clever" for the laboratory.
TION's first meeting with McDonald's took place in 2013. At the same time, increased of new requirements of EU regulators to clean the air of industrial kitchens began to be developed. The laws themselves were passed in 2016.
In 2017, McDonald's asked TION to implement several projects in restaurants located in the center of big cities, as residents began to complain about the smells from restaurants.Tion came to the rescue!
As an example, we will cite one of the equipped restaurants of the McDonald's chain in a 19th century mansion in the centre of Moscow. In the immediate vicinity of the restaurant is a 4 star hotel and its owners and guests complained of the bad smell that was coming from cooking and reaching the hotel premises coming from MCDonalds.
Tion installed TION EXT Advanced with a capacity of 8,000 m3 per hour was mounted in the attic of the building to solve this problem.
Due to the heavy workload of the kitchen, the exhaust cleaning system requires regular maintenance. The oil and fat are collected in special pallets and they are cleaned.
Currently,TION solutions are working at McDonald's in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod.
For any customer, this solution becomes a communication tool, as it is possible to inform the society: "How much pollution we have not released into the atmosphere!".
Vnesheconombank headquarter - a comprehensive solution to improve the environment in the building Moscow, Vozdvizhenka 10
VEB, is a Russian state development corporation. It was founded in 2007 as a development institute. Today VEB.RF is one of the largest investment companies and main development institute in Russia. It has financed more than 300 projects.
The beginning of TION's Career!
The beginning of TION's work with VEB relates to the personal story of one of the managers. He personally tested the capabilities of our equipment.The task that was set was to provide a fundamentally different air quality for employees and management of the bank.The project has been implemented since 2019 and in a year the solution was implemented on 4 floors of an 8-storey building.Several of TION Eco ducted air purification units, models 400, 800 and 1000, were installed in open spaces and large offices. And about 70 compact cleaners-disinfectants TION Clever in separate offices of employees too.It should be noted that all the proposed solutions do not interfere with the operation of the central air conditioning and ventilation system and are implemented as independent units operating in the air recycling mode.The clean air project went beyond the company's headquarters and more than 200 compact air purifiers with decontamination TION Breezer 3S were installed in the company's office on Sakharov Avenue.The company is currently planning to create a "green offices" in Moscow. At the request of the customer, TION specialists workout solutions that will ensure the highest level of air quality to reduce the risks of ARVI diseases among visitors and bank employees.
Today, the Morozov Children’s Hospital has more than 115 years of experience with children,it ranks among the largest city hospitals, with over 1,300 beds, 35 medical departments and 17 medical profiles. The Hospital treats 130,000 children annually.
The beginning of TION's Career!
Large and complex facility: Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital. A modest feat of TION service. IN 2016, we delivered a large batch of equipment:- 11 Laminar Ceiling systems with ceiling recycling modules (to save on ventilation HAVOK systems) and - more than 60 Tion ECO (channel installations).
In 2017, the contractors commissioned the facility. We did not accept warranty service on our equipment , due to errors and flaws in the work of installers.The Disruption of service zones;- Violation of the integrity of the buildings (screwed hanging ceilings directly to the laminar ceilings),Shortly after the launch of the facility there were complaints of medical staff: "In the operating rooms it is sweltering, hot, the temperature rose to 37 degrees."About 3 months,together with the general contractor, carried out analysis and multiple complex measurements to find out the cause of the incorrect operation of the ventilation system .It became clear that the installers saved a lot, installed frequency regulators of low power,instead of adjusting valves installed sheets of metal in ducts .
As a result,we came to the conclusion that the power of ventilation HAVOK systems is not enough to provide the necessary pressure, so that the prepared air is mixed with purified- recycling.The company's scientists were involved in the solution of the problem and worked out a plan of action to eliminate the comments together with the development department.- We had to install additional fans-inductors in the channels of the ventilation, in the operating rooms.- Installed a control system for these fans - We modified the software based on our equipment - Changed the way ducts connected to TION EXT recycling modules.The task was greatly complicated by the fact that all the work had to be done in a working medical institution. That's why we worked mainly at night or on weekends. All the works were carried out by the TION service.We managed to achieve success in terms of the microclimate of operating rooms - the temperature dropped to 19-24 degrees, humidity returned to normal. Complaints from staff stopped.
Sberbank is the largest Bank in Russia, Central and Eastern Europe, one of the leading international financial institutions today.A few years ago we conducted a big experiment in the Sberbank branch.
Bank Experiment: Air Purifiers Against Dirty Money!
On March 30, 2015, we installed six Tion Clever wall-mounted recirculating cleaners in the CIC premises. This is a medical grade HEPA filtered household air purifier. “Medical grade” is not just a catchword, this equipment really meets medical standards and is used in surgery rooms, hospital wards, etc.. These were pilot projects: the purpose was to show how expedient it is to use our purifiers-recirculators in bank offices. The purpose of the first project was to reduce the incidence of sickness among employees of bank branches, the second - to reduce dustiness in the air in the cash collection center (CIC) For this purpose, Tion purifiers were installed in five branches of the Bank and in one of its CIC.
Tion air purifiers with HEPA filters trap all types of pollutants, including biological ones. They reduce the number of germs in the air, and with it the risk of contracting an infection.
Take the flu, for example. We were unable to find detailed statistics on morbidity in Russia, but individual studies [1] show that during an epidemic, about 1% of the adult population of Russia is sick with influenza. 1000-1500 clients pass through one Moscow branch of our Bank per day. It turns out that during the epidemic season, employees can contact 10-15 patients daily. And that's just the flu. There are also other acute respiratory viral infections and other diseases that are transmitted by airborne droplets.
In addition, bank employees can get infected not only from customers, but also from money. For example, there is a study [2], in which 94% of one-dollar bills were carriers of pathogenic microorganisms.
In this sense, the ruble has not lagged far behind the dollar. And according to some sources [3], he even overtook him. The results of a sample analysis of banknotes from the Moscow market at the Yaroslavsky station showed that, on average, all banknotes contained potentially dangerous pathogenic bacterial and fungal microflora. Moreover, the dirtiest were paper banknotes of small denomination. They are more likely to pass from person to person and get dirty more often.
Infectious agents can live on money for up to four months. Any greasy or sticky spot on a bill is an excellent breeding ground for microbes. By the way, it is the bank employees who can easily verify this: the dirt spots on banknotes are clearly visible under the ultraviolet detectors used in banks.
With frequent use, paper bills deteriorate and paper particles are released into the air. Not only is there harm from the dust in itself, so all the "money" microbes fly into the air with it. And the more money around a person, the higher the likelihood of contracting an infection. Now imagine how many bills go through collection centers and bank offices every day. The automatic bill counter is sorting through the notes at high speed. After each such operation, he releases a cloud of "money" dust with microbes into the air.
For the bank itself, sick employees are a serious problem. First, sick pay is a direct loss to the employer. Yes, the employer only pays for the first three days of sick leave, but it's still a loss. And if a federal-scale organization with a huge number of employees, then in total for all offices, even three days of sick leave can become serious costs.
Second, employees on sick leave are lost income (especially when it comes to executives or managers responsible for the most profitable products).
Another benefit for the bank is the reduction of the so-called shift personnel. Any bank has replacement employees for the smooth operation of branches in case the main employees go on sick leave en masse. This happens, for example, during seasonal outbreaks of diseases. Banks generally do not have a policy of hiring staff temporarily only during the outbreak. More often the bank has a permanent "reserve" of replacement employees in the staff. How many does a bank need? It depends on how many workers go on sick leave during outbreaks.
If an office air purifier reduces disease during seasonal outbreaks, then fewer replacement employees will be needed. The average salary of a bank employee is 50,000 rubles a month (Rs 48,010), including taxes and deductions - about 70,000 rubles a month (Rs 67,195), or 840,000 rubles a year (Rs 806,206),. Let's say the bank's expenses for employees from the replacement fund are 2-3 times less - all the same, it is several hundred thousand rupees a year. This is exactly how much the bank can save if it cuts at least one replacement employee.
Finally, an employee who is infected by a virus and continues to work in the office. He or she can infect colleagues and further increase the bank's losses. A Sick employee, usually works worse than in a healthy state.
Finally, office air purifiers can boost a bank's image and customer loyalty. After all, this is a concern not only for the employees, but also for the visitors of the bank.
Area of focus:
CIC, through which huge amounts of cash pass every day. Office area 100 m2. There is a lot of dust in the air, it interferes with work and, possibly, makes employees feel unwell.
What you want
To make working conditions more comfortable, to improve the well-being of employees.
What was done
On March 30, 2015, we installed six Tion Clever wall-mounted recirculating cleaners in the CIC premises. This is a medical grade HEPA filtered household air purifier. “Medical grade” is not just a catchword, this equipment really meets medical standards and is used in surgery rooms, hospital wards, etc.Almost three months later, on June 26, the Academlab physicochemical laboratory measured the amount of aerosol particles in the air and assessed its quality.
The measurement procedure looked like this:
The aerosol sensor continuously measured the concentration of particles of a certain size for about 6-7 hours The entire measurement period was divided into two stages: with the cleaners off and on. Based on the measured data, a graph was built, which can be used to determine how Tion equipment changes the concentration of particles in office air.
The key measurement parameter is the concentration of fine particles 0.3-0.5 microns in size. These are the most dangerous pollutants, as well as pathogens of viral and bacterial infections.
We also conducted a survey of employees about how their health changed after the installation of air purifiers in the office.
What happened to the air ?
The results of the laboratory air analysis showed that the air quality in the office was improved. Here is an example of how Tion Clever reduces the concentration of the smallest particles (0.3 microns and less). When the purifiers are turned off, the concentration of these particles grows 3 times:
The difference in the concentration of larger particles (0.5-1 microns) with Tion Clever turned on and off is even greater: with the device turned off, there are 6 times more particles in the air.
What happened to the employees ?
The head of the CIC in the official conclusion about the experiment noted a visual decrease in the amount of dust in the air. The survey showed that the employees are also satisfied with the results of the pilot project. We interviewed 31 employees in total. Of them:
23 people reported less dust in the office and improved overall well-being
9 people have allergies, and five of them find it easier to work after installing Tion Clever
All employees noted the quiet noise of the device, which does not interfere with office work
The result of the experiment is at the end of the article, along with the result of the second pilot project.
Area of focus
Six bank offices with areas ranging from 300 to 420 m2. They do not take any measures to protect and prevent employees from diseases transmitted by airborne droplets. The air in office premises is not cleaned or disinfected in any way.
What you want
To reduce the number of germs, harmful organic compounds and dust in the air. Reduce morbidity among employees.
What has been done ?
In April-May 2015, we installed Tion Clever wall cleaners in offices and meeting rooms, and Tion Eco duct air cleaners operating in the recirculation mode in operating rooms:
As in the first experiment, there was an independent air quality assessment with and without air cleaning equipment. This time, the measurements were carried out by specialists from VNIIFTRI (All-Russian Research Institute of Physical-Technical and Radio-Engineering Measurements).
To understand how the incidence rate has changed, we selected four similar branches for each pilot bank branch. To assess the indicators, the Bank's HR department provided official statistics on sick leave for all selected offices.
The difference in the concentration of larger particles (0.5-1 microns) with Tion Clever turned on and off is even greater: with the device turned off, there are 6 times more particles in the air:
What happened to the air ?
The Tion Eco duct cleaner units were installed to evenly clean the air in the operating room. To check how this works in practice, VNIIFTRI specialists carried out air sampling at different points in the room.
Measurements showed a decrease in the concentration of particles with a size of 0.3 μm after switching on the air purifiers. Here are a couple of examples.
What happened to the incidence ?
The ratio of the number of cases to the total number of employees in the pilot and conventional branches of the Bank was compared. If in summer the indicators were comparable, then with the beginning of autumn in offices with cleaners, employees began to get sick significantly less often.
The incidence has decreased:
In September - by 18%In October - by 40%In November - by 45%In December - by 35%
And this despite the fact that during these months there were no epidemics of influenza and SARS.
Summary conclusion for both experiments
The air has become cleaner ?
Independent measurements have shown that the concentration of the smallest suspended particles in the air is reduced by 2-6 times. Satisfied
Employees
The pilot project at the CIC showed that the employees feel better with Tion Clever purifiers. About 70% of employees were satisfied and supported the innovation.
Employees are less likely to get sick
An experiment in bank offices showed that with air-cleaning equipment in the cold season, the incidence decreases by 35-45%.
Overall, the pilot projects can be considered successful.
The beginning of the school year is a good time to talk about air in schools. Once, on a wave of nostalgia, we recalled our school years. Satchels, uniform, portrait of Pushkin, buns in the dining room, disco in the gym, “forest of hands”. And the stuffiness in the classrooms, dust on the windowsills, a strict ban on opening the vents ... In short, the air quality is mediocre, if not worse. We wondered if anything had changed since we were kids. Then we went to eight Novosibirsk schools and conducted an experiment, from which we learned a lot of important things. And now, at the beginning of the school year, we remembered about it and decided to share it with you.
School project: air quality
In the year 2016, we already conducted a study of the microclimate in one of the schools and wrote an article about it . The Testo 480 sensor was used as the main instrument and data were recorded only on the level of carbon dioxide in one Moscow school. In this study, we increased the number of schools to eight and the measured parameters to three: carbon dioxide levels, humidity, and temperature.Before moving on to the experience itself and its results, let us turn to theory. What should be the microclimate in the school, what are the standards and what research has already been carried out in this area?
If you already know these data, go directly to the description of the experience and results.
We were not the first to be puzzled by the question of the school microclimate in general and its effect on humans. In 2015, the World Health Organization called the air quality unfavorable in many European schools and kindergartens (the news can be read here ) and proposed its own solutions to this problem. In addition, several interesting studies have already been carried out around the world on this topic.
European Union. Scientists have studied the condition and well-being of schoolchildren in rooms with carbon dioxide levels of more than 1,000 ppm. Results: children who stay in such rooms regularly and for a long time are 3.5 times more likely to suffer from dry cough and 2 times more likely to have rhinitis.
Korea.In 110 homes in Seoul, CO, NO, house dust mite allergens, cockroaches, mold spores and CO2 were measured. A total of 181 children under 14 years of age with diagnosed asthma lived in the study premises. One of the main findings of Koreans is that higher carbon dioxide levels increase the likelihood of an asthma attack.
USA.The Berkeley Institute investigated the relationship between carbon dioxide levels and labor productivity. Purpose of the study: to assess the impact of CO2 on decision-making mechanisms. The experimental subjects were 22 people who were subjected to 2.5-hour intoxication with carbon dioxide at concentrations of 600, 1,000, and 2,500 ppm. During the study, subjects passed computer tests that required decision-making. The results at the level of 600 ppm were considered basic, when reaching the level of 1000 ppm, labor productivity decreased by six out of nine indicators, at the level of 2500 ppm - by seven. Thus, a direct relationship between air quality and labor productivity was proven.
In most European countries, there are now clear standards for the microclimate for classrooms, based, among other things, on preliminary studies of the effect of carbon dioxide on the human body. As such, the standard- “GOST 30494-2011 is used for Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters " . It spelled out the norms and standards that indoor air must meet.The norms for the concentration of CO2 in this GOST indicate the permissible content of carbon dioxide in excess of its amount in the outside air. For ease of perception, we immediately recalculated the standards, taking 400 ppm of carbon dioxide on the street as the default value (by the way, the atmospheric level of CO2 reached this mark last fall, which was discussed in a separate article in GeekTimes ). The permissible content of CO2 according to GOST for premises in which people are engaged in intellectual work or study (these include school classes) is 400-600 ppm above the level of CO2 in the outdoor air. By simple calculations, we calculate that the maximum allowable carbon dioxide content in classrooms is 800–1,000 ppm. We made a "concession" and took the upper limit of 1,000 ppm as the norm.As for the temperature, the same GOST states that the optimal temperature in the premises for training sessions is 20–22 ℃ in the cold season and 22–25 ℃ in the warm season. The data for the experiment were collected in the cold season, so we took the "winter" standard of 22 ℃ as the norm.The humidity level depends to the greatest extent on the city's climate, and the air in Novosibirsk is dry. Therefore, as a starting point in our research, we take the minimum allowed in GOST: the norm for the cold season is from 30%, for the warm season - from 40% (we were guided by 30%).All of the above standards were considered the norm during the study and became the starting point for discussing the results of our experiment.
Eight schools and gymnasiums in different districts of Novosibirsk were selected as testing grounds. School microclimate parameters were monitored using base stations of the MagicAir smart microclimate system with built-in sensors of carbon dioxide, temperature and humidity. The base stations were installed in 13 rooms, where all classes were held on a regular schedule during the five training days, Monday through Friday. Central ventilation in schools was either absent (5 schools), or was turned off due to loud noise that interferes with pupils during lessons (2 schools), or turned on only during breaks (1 school). All data on the level of carbon dioxide, temperature and humidity in the offices were sent to the cloud server online.
The total amount of data obtained from the study sites is calculated in hundreds of numbers and graphs. For clarity, we will begin to consider the results on the example of one day in one office of one school. Let's designate it as “School 1”. To understand the picture, we combined graphs of changes in carbon dioxide levels, humidity and temperature and the school schedule.In graphs 1-3 below, the numbers in the circles indicate the numbers of the lessons, six lessons in each of the two shifts. Lessons start at 8:00 and last 45 minutes, with breaks of 10 or 20 minutes in between. There is a break of 10 minutes between shifts. The green line in the graphs indicates the standard values of the parameters.All digital data are attached at the end of the article, after the list of references (see the file with the name "School1_cabinet1").
Graph 1 shows the change in the carbon dioxide concentration in the classroom 1 of School 1 during one school day (from 8:00 to 20:00). The measurement error is ± 70 ppm at a concentration of no more than 2300 ppm, ± 3% at a concentration of more than 2300 ppm.
Before the start of the lessons, the CO2 level is still in line with the standards, and, it would seem, with a large "reserve": at 7:30 in the air there is only about 430 ppm. But closer to 8 o'clock the children arrive in class and the CO2 level starts to rise steadily.
The second lesson starts at 8:55 am with 770 ppm, and in fifteen minutes the level of CO2 exceeds the normative mark, exceeding 1,000 ppm. In general, as it is easy to see, the CO2 concentration exceeds the norm for the overwhelming majority of the time (8.3 hours during the studied time period, i.e. 69% of the time).
The most significant excess, 3,170 ppm, is recorded during the fifth lesson of the first shift.
Graph 2, which displays changes in the air temperature in the classroom (see below), can be traced when the windows were opened: it was cold outside, so an open window invariably led to a drop in temperature. You can, for example, notice that on the described day during recess, before the third lesson of the first shift, the room was well ventilated: the temperature dropped by almost 3 degrees, and the CO2 level dropped to 660 ppm. But at the beginning of the third lesson, the windows were closed, and the concentration of carbon dioxide began to rise again (the temperature too), until it reached the critical 3,169 ppm in the fifth lesson. This is more than three times the norm. At the same time, the air temperature reached 29 ℃.
The effect of airing with a full class of 20–30 people faded away in just 15–20 minutes.
The CO2-favorable period fell on the second lesson of the second shift. This “luck” is simply explained: firstly, the office was aired by opening the windows. And secondly, there were no students in it, the class was empty. As soon as the students returned for the third lesson, the CO2 concentration went up again and reached 2 630 ppm (the maximum in the second shift).
Graph 2 shows the change in air temperature in the classroom 1 of School 1 during one school day (from 8:00 to 20:00). The measurement error is ± 1.5 ° C (measurement range -10 ... + 85 ° C).
The air temperature throughout the school day exceeds the norm, reaching almost 30 ° C. The "best" result was 23 ° C, but it was only achieved for short periods of time. By changing the temperature, you can set the periods when the windows were opened in the office. Due to the fact that the study was carried out during the cold season, an open window invariably led to a decrease in the temperature in the office. And by setting the ventilation times, you can compare them with the CO2 schedule. As soon as the window is closed, both the temperature and the CO2 level rise again.
Graph 3 shows the change in air humidity in the classroom 1 of School 1 during one school day (from 8:00 to 20:00). The measurement error is ± 4% (measurement range 0 ... 95%).
As you can see, the humidity is also far from desired. Most of the time, it is lowered and extremely rarely reaches the normative mark - in total, normal (30% and higher) humidity was kept for only 2.8 hours per school day (23% of the time). And this despite the fact that we took GOST 30% as the norm, and not 40-60% recommended by many physiologists.
We also cannot fail to note that periods of normal humidity were accompanied by a significant increase in air temperature (28–29 ° С) and CO2 levels (2 3770 - 3 170 ppm).
conclusions:
So, on the observed school day in the study room, our data showed that the average CO2 level during the lessons was 1,250 ppm, the maximum peak was 3,170 ppm. The average humidity was 19% and the average temperature was 27 ℃.
The air temperature exceeds the norm throughout the school day. Humidity, on the other hand, is critically reduced. The level of carbon dioxide in the air demonstrates a greater amplitude of fluctuations in comparison with other parameters, but mostly exceeds the norm, sometimes even going beyond 3000 ppm.
In general, microclimatic parameters, which are most important for comfort, well-being and full-fledged brain function, do not correspond to the norms through either the entire study period, or most of the study period. Not a single gap was recorded when all three parameters of the microclimate would comply with the standards at the same time.
In the columns "Average CO2 level", "Average humidity" and "Average temperature", we placed the average values of carbon dioxide concentration, humidity and air temperature, respectively, in each studied school for the entire observation period. For the average CO2 level, we also indicated the spread of values - the mean standard deviation (variance) with a 95% confidence level.
The CO2 Peak Average column records the average maximum carbon dioxide levels for each school over the observation period (five school days, Monday through Friday, 8:00 am to 7:00 pm).
As you can see, the average temperature corresponds to the norm (20-22 ℃) only in three schools. Average humidity is four. But no school would pass the CO2 test: in all eight cases it exceeds the 1,000 ppm standard, often 1.5 to 2 times.
Chart 4 shows the average CO2 level in the air (taken from all thirteen rooms in eight schools), as well as the average maximum and average minimum during the school day.
It should be noted, however, that the length of the school day differs from school to school. Somewhere children study in two shifts, but somewhere only in one, the first, so that in the afternoon the classrooms are empty. This explains the trajectory of the lines on the right side of the graph. For example, the line of the average minimum during the second shift is stable within the normal range. But you shouldn't be mistaken: it's not about airing at all. The CO2 sources just went home. In the first shift (when classes are held in all rooms without exception), even the average minimum generally exceeds the norm.
The Average line can be used to visualize the typical air condition on a typical school day in a typical school. Most of the time, CO2 levels are above normal. It is noticeable how the concentration of CO2 shows a rapid increase with the beginning of the lessons. Even a “fresh” class in the early morning becomes stuffy by the end of the first lesson (around 9:00).
We have attached numerical data for all schools at the end of this article, after the list of references.
Conclusions:-
Based on our data, we make a general conclusion that in the studied schools in Novosibirsk, there is an excess of carbon dioxide levels during lessons, on average by 500 ppm, insufficient air humidity and too high temperature. In other words, the microclimate in schools does not meet regulatory requirements. The state of air in classrooms not only does not contribute to effective intellectual work, but also often impedes learning.
In terms of the average level of carbon dioxide, no school showed a level below 1,000 ppm. And the maximum CO2 value we recorded during the experiment was 4,230 ppm! This excess is already a serious health hazard.
According to researchers at Middlesex University, obtained as a result of an experiment with a study group of 300 adults, when the level of carbon dioxide reaches 800 ppm, attention decreases by 30%, and at a concentration of more than 1,500 ppm, 79% of the participants in the experiment experienced feelings of fatigue and headaches. Also, in a study by another UK scientist, D.S.
Roberts, fatigue and loss of concentration are already observed at 600 ppm carbon dioxide levels and increase as the amount of CO2 increases. Based on the results of these experiments and other studies, it can be said that carbon dioxide directly affects the well-being, as well as the student's academic performance, preventing him from concentrating and assimilating information in the lesson.
At the same time, the problem of excess carbon dioxide in the air in many cases is either not recognized or ignored for various reasons (often financial). Now between lessons there are “micro-ventilation” or ventilation through the corridor, but the effect of their use disappears almost instantly with the appearance of children in the classroom. It should also be noted that window ventilation is not carried out in every office, since often the window sills are filled with textbooks, flowers or visual materials that are necessary for training. In any case, there is insufficient air exchange in the classrooms now.
High temperatures and insufficient humidity are also considered unfavorable conditions for intellectual work. High temperature lowers blood oxygen saturation, which, in turn, results in a feeling of weakness, lethargy, dizziness and shortness of breath may also appear. At an air temperature of about 30 ℃, sweating increases and the body's water-salt balance is disturbed. Dry air affects the eyes, causing redness, dryness and fatigue.
We assume that the conclusions of the experiment with known assumptions can be extrapolated to all schools in the Siberian Federal District, as well as to regions with a similar climate. However, climatic differences between regions can only affect temperature and humidity, not CO2 levels. Therefore, we admit that the conclusions regarding the situation with ventilation and the concentration of carbon dioxide in schools are valid for most schools throughout Russia (and maybe even around the world: it is not for nothing that Western researchers are also concerned about this problem).
You can independently conduct a similar experiment in your city by installing the MagicAir base station at the school.
